http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/appendixes/sanskrit7term.html

 

Sanskrit (Sanskrit)

Sanskrit is a classical Indian language and the parent of the Indo-Aryan languages. Sanskrit is still used as literary and liturgical language by about 200,000 people. Efforts are currently being made to revive it as a spoken language.

Devanāgarī alphabet for Sanskrit

Vowels and vowel diacritics
Sanskrit vowels and vowel diacritics

Consonants
Sanskrit consonants

Numerals
Sanskrit numerals

Sample text in Sanskrit
Sample text in Sanskrit

Transliteration
Sarvē mānavā svatantratā samutpannā vartantē api cha, gauravadr̥śā adhikāradr̥śā ca samānā ēva vartantē. Ētē sarvē cētanā-tarka-śaktibhyā susampannā santi. Api ca, sarvē’pi bandhutva-bhāvanayā paraspara vyavaharantu.

Translation
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Thanks to Arvind Iyengar for providing the above sample text.

Links

 

 

 

Vowels

nag_a.pnga

nag_aa.pngaa

nag_i.pngi

nag_ii.pngii

nag_u.pngu

nag_uu.pnguu

nag_ri.pngR

nag_rii.pngRR

nag_li.pngL

nag_lii.pngLL

nag_e.pnge

nag_ai.pngai

nag_o.pngo

nag_au.pngau

nag_am.pngaM

nag_ah.pngaH

Consonants

nag_k.pngk

nag_kh.pngkh

nag_g.pngg

nag_gh.pnggh

nag_ng.pngG

nag_c.pngc

nag_ch.pngch

nag_j.pngj

nag_jh.pngjh

nag_ny.pngJ

nag_tt.pngT

nag_tth.pngTh

nag_dd.pngD

nag_ddh.pngDh

nag_nn.pngN

nag_t.pngt

nag_th.pngth

nag_d.pngd

nag_dh.pngdh

nag_n.pngn

nag_p.pngp

nag_ph.pngph

nag_b.pngb

nag_bh.pngbh

nag_m.pngm

nag_y.pngy

nag_r.pngr

nag_l.pngl

nag_v.pngv

 

nag_z.pngz

nag_sh.pngS

nag_s.pngs

nag_h.pngh

 

 

 

Caixa de texto:

 

http://www.angelfire.com/ma/vivekananda/sanscritpromo.html

 

definitions

http://www.angelfire.com/ma/vivekananda/sanscrit.html

SANSCRIT

 

Contrairement à l'idée reçue, le sanscrit ne serait pas le seul ancêtre des langues indo-européennes mais plutôt une de ses branches. La langue la plus anciennement connue du groupe indo-européen de l'Inde est le védique que parlaient les aryens vers 2000 avant J-C. Au contact des langues préexistantes se sont formées différentes langues dites prakrit dont sont issus le pali et les langues modernes de l'Inde du Nord. Le sanscrit est né d'une construction artificielle pour élaborer une langue parfaite (samskrta = parfait). C'est avant tout une langue savante . Le grammairien Panini au IVème siècle avant J-C fixa quelques 4000 règles grammaticales strictes qui établirent le sanscrit classique.

Le sanscrit classique est une langue littéraire. L'oeuvre de Kalidasa (Shakuntala), les recueils de récits du Pancatantra , les grandes épopées comme le Ramayana et le Mahabharata ont été écrites en sanscrit.

Le sanscrit est à l'origine une langue de culture, sens qu'il a gardé en hindi moderne. il n'est jamais vraiment devenu une langue populaire. C'est entre 1500 et 300 avant J-C qu'il a connu sa période la plus rayonnante. Aujourd'hui, le sanscrit est encore une des langues constitutionnelles de l'Inde . Elle reste la langue de la communication savante écrite et même parlée par certains. De nos jours, elle demeure surtout la langue sacrée des rituels brahmaniques.

L'écriture utilisée pour le sanscrit est le devanagari ou écriture des dieux. Elle s'est transmise à travers les langues modernes comme le hindi, le népali, le marathi et le sindhi. Elle est alphabétique et se caractérise par une barre horizontale reliant les lettres. Des règles d'euphonie intérieure et extérieure ( sandhi) modifient souvent les sons initiaux et finals. La morphologie est très riche et la faculté de composition illimitée.

De nos jours, l'étude du sanscrit reste nécessaire pour approfondir l'étude de toute langue indo-européenne .

Mise à jour le 8/99


Sanscrit:

"Ancienne langue de l'Inde, de la famille indo-européenne, qui cessa d'être parlée aux approches de l'ère chrétienne, mais qui continue d'être utilisée en tant que langue littéraire et langue sacrée de la religion brahmanique."




Définition trouvée dans le dictionnaire encyclopédique illustré Hachette, édition 2000.

The sanscrit word for 'war'

The sanscrit word for 'war' also translates to...

... 'the desire for more cows'. For some reason, this strikes me as a good thing to know.

Sanskrit

Sanskrit is the ancient language associated with India. It is considered to be the oldest language in the world, being at least 6,000 years old, and probably much older.

Sanskrit is considered to be the language of the Gods, as it is made up of the primordial sounds, and is developed systematically to include the natural progressions of sounds as created in the human mouth. Henry David Thoreau once developed what he thought would be the perfect alphabet, and ended up creating something remarkably similar to Sanskrit. NASA and others have been looking at Sanskrit as a possible computer language since its syntax is perfect and leaves little room for error. Joseph Campbell, the late, great mythologist referred to Sanskrit as, "The great spiritual language of the world."

 

The letters above are the vowels in Sanskrit. In total the language has 49 letters (shown at left) including vowels, consonants, semivowels, etc. and each letter has a particular vibration. Each consonant has included the vowel sound 'a' (pronounced as uh), and when the nasal sound of 'm' is added to any of the letters, it creates a bija or seed mantra which corresponds to a specific vibration of the absolute. Thus if you were to do the same with the English alphabet, you would have something like ' am bam cam dam em fam gam, etc. where the 'a' is pronounced like uh -uhm buhm cuhm duhm...

The emphasis is on the resonance of the 'm' sound, which produces a resonance throughout the body as it is chanted, thus opening up various channels in the body, and creating a very open, relaxed consciousness.

 

Because each sound corresponds to a particular aspect of the Absolute, or creation, the written alphabet is referred to as devanagari, literally the cities of the gods. Each letter is a sound which is like a particular god who manifests as that sound, for the entire creation is made up of language. Everything that we relate to we relate to in language.

This is a computer, this is the sky, this is up, this is good. It is all language. It is language that creates the concepts within which we live.

Sanskrit is also the language of mantra, word formulas that were discovered by the ancient sages of
India as being a particular combination of sound vibrations that, when chanted or meditated upon, had a specific result on the mind, psyche, or even the natural realm. The mantra shown below is the Vasudeva mantra - Om namo bhagavate vasudevaya, which means salutations to God Whom is the Divine Source, the indweller of all.
 

 

JANA  SIGNIFIE PERSONNE EN SANSCRIT

De nos jours, le terme de loi est dénoncé comme abusif pour désigner de telles correspondances et n'est plus conservé que pour identifier les diverses découvertes réalisées par les linguistes. Mais la régularité mise au jour par Grimm produisit un effet considérable sur ses contemporains. Elles ouvrait des perspectives insoupçonnées sur la possibilité d'observer l'évolution historique des langues au moyen de la comparaison. Très vite, pourtant, on trouva à la généralisation hardie avancée par Grimm de nombreuses exceptions, mais l'effort de ses successeurs pour réduire les anomalies rencontrées ne fit que renforcer leur conviction que les changements phonétiques, à condition d'observer finement l'ensemble des données, ne souffraient aucune exception.

On a vu que, selon la loi de Grimm, à un t du grec, du latin et du sanscrit correspondait, en gotique, un th


Par exemple, pour des mots au sens de "sec, sécher, soif" on a got. Paursus, "sec", lat. torrus, torridus, "sec", gr. térsesthai, "devenir sec", scr. tarsah, "soif".

. Or, dans certains mots apparemment reliés par le sens et la forme, les langues germaniques offrent parfois la même consonne que les autres langues, ainsi pour "il est", on a en sanscrit asti, en grec esti, en latin est, et le gotique ist conserve son t. L'accumulation d'autres exemples (got. hafts, "marié" / lat. captus; fisks / piscis, "poisson"; nahts / nox, noctis, "nuit") permet de réduire cette apparente disparité de traitement en montrant qu'une occlusive sourde se maintient après une fricative germanique. Par observation soigneuse de l'environnement et des caractéristiques phonétiques, l'entorse apparente à la loi de Grimm est rapidement apparue comme obéissant en fait à une règle particulière.

Une autre anomalie était observable dans des correspondances comme celle qu'offrait, pour le verbe "lier", le gotique bindan en face du sanscrit bandh-, et, pour "fille", le gotique dauhtar par rapport au sanscrit duhitar. Si, dans ses exemples, got. -d- / scr. -dh- est bien conforme à ce que fait attendre la loi de Grimm, les correspondances got. b- / scr. b- et got. d- / scr. d- viennent la démentir, car au b- du sanscrit devrait répondre un p- en germanique, tout comme est attendu un t- germanique en regard d'un d- du sanscrit. En l'occurrence, la disparité s'explique par le fait que le germanique est un témoignage plus fidèle de l'indo-européen que le sanscrit. Dans un mot gotique, la séquence b - d reflète fidèlement la présence dans deux syllabes successives de deux aspirées indo-européennes *bh - dh. Et c'est plutôt grec et sanscrit qui doivent être taxés d'irrégularité pour avoir connu une dissimilation des aspirées: dans ces deux langues, lorsque deux aspirées se succédaient dans un mot, l'une perdait son aspiration. Ainsi, en sanscrit, le présent à redoublement d'une racine dhâ- "poser" est da-dhâ-mi, "je pose", et, en grec, avec la racine correspondante thê-, on a la forme verbale ti-thê-mi. Cette démonstration est à mettre au crédit de H. Grassmann en 1862, dans un célèbre article: "Ueber die Aspiraten und ihr gleichzeitiges Vorhandensein im An- und Auslaute der Wurzeln", KZ 12, 1863, p. 81-138.

Dans la seconde moitié du siècle fut également justifiée la différence de traitement constatée entre le nom du "frère" qui offre une correspondance régulière des consonnes: got. brothar / lat. frater (b / f et th / t) et le nom du "père", quant à la seconde consonne: got. fadar / lat. pater, où l'on a cette fois d / t. En 1875, le danois Karl Verner ("Eine Ausnahme der ersten Lautverschiebung", KZ 23, 1876, p. 97-130.) montra que cette correspondance d'un d gotique avec un t latin cessait de constituer une exception à la loi de Grimm dès qu'on prenait en compte la position de l'accent dans les mots sanscrits correspondants. Il émit l'hypothèse que le sanscrit avait conservé la position originelle de l'accent de mot en indo-européen et que la mutation germanique avait eu lieu avant que l'accent ne se déplace sur la première syllabe du mot en germanique: les aspirées sourdes comme P (ou th) (plutôt fricative sourde) (mais aussi f et h) résultant de la loi de Grimm, sont donc conservées quand l'accent frappe la syllabe immédiatement précédente: got. brôPar (sanscrit bhrâ'tâ), mais deviennent sonores dans les autres cas: got. fadar (sanscrit pitâ'). L'anomalie supposée devenait ainsi parfaitement régulière et sa réduction donna un poids considérable à l'affirmation d'un groupe de linguistes, appelés néo-grammairiens, selon laquelle les changements phonétiques se produisent selon des lois immuables et n'admettent de variation qu'en conformité avec de nouvelles lois.

Le concept de loi phonétique est seulement un postulat de la recherche qui n'est garanti que par une série impressionnante d'observations, il n'a donc finalement qu'un fondement inductif. Or on sait depuis les travaux de K. Popper qu'aucune hypothèse ne peut être vérifiée par induction, sa valeur tenant à ce qu'elle suscite par élargissement et expérience une falsification. Tant que rien de tel ne se produit elle conserve sa validité. Et, de fait, si l'on tient compte de ce que, parallèlement au changement phonétique aveugle qui dans un espace géographique donné et dans une période donnée affecte un son précis dans un environnement phonétique lui aussi précis, on trouve des changements qui, parce qu'ils dépendent des associations analogiques dictées par le sens ou sont imputables à l'emprunt, viennent contrecarrer les lois phonétiques. Mais celles-ci - avec cette restriction, assurément majeure - peuvent être considérées comme opérant sans exception.

Même si la notion de correspondance phonétique a été élaborée, avec un grand raffinement de détails, sur les langues indo-européennes, sa validité ne se limite pas à ce domaine. Quand, par exemple, Leonard Bloomfield, travaillant sur les langues algonquines, compara les langues Fox, Cree, Menomini et Ojibwa, il posa, sur la base d'une seule correspondance - une racine signifiant "rouge", offrait en Fox et Ojibwa shk et en Cree et Menomini hk - l'existence en proto-algonquin d'un groupe çk, dans la mesure où, dans chacune de ces langues, le groupe en cause reflétait déjà un ou plusieurs autres groupes du proto-algonquin. Or, en étudiant un peu plus tard un dialecte Cree jusque-là non décrit, il y découvrit pour cette même racine "rouge" le groupe htk qui n'était, cette fois, le représentant d'aucun groupe déjà posé en proto-algonquin. Du coup, il ne s'agissait plus seulement d'une correspondance isolée et exceptionnelle, mais bien de la conservation, en un seul dialecte, d'un groupe du proto-algonquin qui s'était maintenu là différent des autres. Bloomfield y vit confirmée la productivité du postulat de la régularité du changement phonétique. Plus tard encore, il reconnut que son informateur ojibwa prononçait en réalité la racine "rouge" avec sk et non shk: cet sk ne pouvant être le reflet d'aucun autre groupe proto-algonquin, le dialecte cree n'était donc plus seul à avoir conservé le çk originel

BHARAT MATA, MERE DU MONDE

LE SANSCRIT, MERE DE TOUTES LES LANGUES
H.H. Pujyashri Swami Chandrashekharendra Sarasvati

I/ En parlant des Vedas, on établi que le son d'un mot était plus important que sa signification. Cela me rappelle quelque chose. Dans la langue védique appelée "Chandas" et en sanscrit dont elle est à la base, il y a des mots dont le son même indique leur signification. Prenez le mot "danta". Vous savez qu'il veut dire "dent". Nous devons utiliser nos dents pour produire le son du mot "danta" - la langue doit faire un impact sur la dent. Vous noterez ce phénomène lorsque vous demanderez à une personne édentée de dire "danta". Elle ne sera pas capable d'articuler le mot de manière claire.

A partir de telles petites observations, la philologie comparative peut découvrir un fait important : quel mot est apparu en premier dans telle langue. Le sanscrit, le grec, le latin, l'allemand, le français, etc. ont été dits conjointement appartenir au groupe indo-européen et dériver d'une langue originale. Les philologues européens n'acceptent pas le sancrit comme langue originale, mère de toutes les langues indo-européennes. Mais des mots comme "danta" indiquent que le sanscrit EST la langue racine.

Considérez le mot anglais "dental". Il y a tant de similitudes entre "dant" et "dent". Dans des langues comme le français et le latin aussi le mot pour dent est voisin de "dent", bien que ce soit le "da-kâ-ra" et non le "da-kâra" du sanscrit. "On peut demander : "Pourquoi ne faites-vous pas dériver le mot sanscrit "danta" de "dental" ?" Mais vous devez considérer le fait que pour dire "danta" vous devez utiliser vos dents. Pas pour dire "dental". Vous obtenez le son "dental" comme résultat du toucher du bout de votre langue sur le palais supérieur. Ce n'est qu'en sanscrit que le mot lui-même signifie sa signification. Aussi cela doit être la forme racine du mot. De là les langues comme l'anglais, le français, le latin, etc.. doivent avoir dérivé du sanscrit.

En interchangeant les lettres de quelques mots vous obtenez d'autres mots qui sont en relation avec la signification du mot original. Quelle est la nature de l'animal appelé lion, la qualité avec laquelle vous l'associez le plus ? C'est la violence. "Himsâ" est violence et le mot tourne en "simha" pour indiquer le lion. Kashyapa fut le premier des sages. Les êtres célestes, les êtres non-célestes, les êtres humains, tous peuvent remonter jusqu'à lui. Il savait la vérité ou, plutôt, il voyait la Vérité. Jnâna est aussi appelé "drshya". Kashyapa était ainsi un "qui voyait", 'Pashyaka" : "Pashyaka" devint "Kashyapa".

II/ La nécessité pour un gouvernement mondial international que l'on a déjà commencé à ressentir présuppose une culture mondiale capable d'élever l'humanité à des hauteurs d'éthique, de moralité et de spiritualité. La culture sanscrite, qui va des enregistrements littéraires les plus anciens du monde jusqu'aux productions les plus sublimes de Sri Shankaracharya et Kalidasa et qui se poursuivent aujourd'hui par plus d'un 'voyant' et érudit contemporain, une culture qui luit à travers une vaste échelle de contrées allant de l'Asie Centrale jusqu'à l'archipel du Pacifique, peut rendre ce service de développer une sublime culture mondiale valable en tous temps et en toutes contrées.

La préservation même depuis des temps immémoriaux de cette culture sanscrite, qui a été la consolation de plus d'un penseur profond partout dans le monde jusqu'à ce jour, est suffisante pour aider dans l'évolution d'une telle culture universelle.

Le secret de cette préservation repose dans le fait qu'elle ne s'est jamais mise elle-même à quelque tâche utopique de nivellement mécanique de l'humanité. Elle savait que la Nature n'est jamais destinée à devenir monotone. Elle tenta de découvrir la veine unissante de l'unité dans toute différence et elle éleva l'humanité à un tel niveau qu'elle ne perdrait pas son énergie sur les inévitables points de différence dans l'évolution naturelle de l'homme.

Si le langage prouve qu'il est une barrière à l'unité matérielle, si la religion divise l'homme de l'homme, et si la religion et les idéologies opposantes de Gouvernement maintiennent leurs différents groupes de manière séparée, il ne peut s'en suivre que nous pouvons nous débarrasser du langage, de la religion ou du Gouvernement.. Nous devons essayer de comprendre les différences de l'autre côté et être prêts à les servir comme nos propre parents et amis.

Des enregistrements littéraires directs en sanscrit ont été trouvés dans des régions allant du Khotan en Asie Centrale jusqu'aux îles de Java et Bali dans la région pacifique et de véritables traductions d'oeuvres sanscrites ont été préservées au Tibet, au Japon, en Chine et dans l'Asie du Sud-Est; des reliques de la culture sanscrite sont découvertes chaque jour dans les deux hémisphères. Le Cambodge contient, sur les murs de ses temples désertés, plusieurs centaines d'inscriptions sanscrites...

Le culte de Mitra-Varuna que Sri Shankaracharya considère comme les forces positive et négative qui contrôlent l'Univers aussi bien que l'âme individuelle, et le sacrifice du cheval - Ashvamedha - acte méritoire de devoir le plus élevé requis du Souverain du pays, semblent avoir été en vogue à travers l'Asie et l'Europe.

Les témoignages abondants qui nous sont venus au sujet des cultures Aztèque et Inca du Nouveau Monde portent un témoignage rigoureux de leur affinité avec notre culture. En fait touters nos écritures parlent de notre culture védique guidant les Dvipas (continents) successifs en anneau encerclés par sept océans similaires en anneau, ce qui était probablement la formation originale de la terre et de l'eau sur notre globe du pôle nord au pôle sud.

Sanscrit - Cymráeg - Cataloneg / sànscrit - gal·lès - català

_________________________________________________________________

ahan  :: dÿdd  :: dia

ârya  :: bonheddig, nobl  (Arÿeg = hen enw ar Indo-Ewropeg; Arÿad, Arÿaid - unigolÿn sÿ'n perthÿn i bobl sÿ'n ddisgynyddion i'r Indo-Ewropeiaid, yn arbennig y sawl sÿ'n siarad iaith Indeg neu Iraneg yn yr hen amser; heb ei defnyddio yn yr ystyron hÿn erbÿ heddiw ar ôl i'r term gael ei ddefnyddio gan y Naziaid i sôn am Gawcasiad â gwedd Nordig arno, un heb gyndeidiau Iddewig (o'r Saesneg 1800+; Sansgrit ârya = o uchel ach, o dras fonheddig)  :: noble

asurah·  :: demon, cythraul  :: dimoni

âyatanam·  :: teml  :: temple

bâlah  :: plentÿn  :: nen / nena

bân·ah·  :: saeth  :: fletxa

batû  :: myfyriwr  :: estudiant

bhagavad-gîtâ  :: cân yr un bendigedig (= Krishna)  :: cançó del beneït (= Krishna)

bhagavant  :: parchedig; (enw) yr un bendigedig  :: reverend, venerat, beneït; (nom) el venerat

bhâryâ  :: gwraig (= un briod)  :: dona (= casada, esposa)

bhavant  :: chwi (o "bhagavant")  :: vostè (de "bhagavant")

bhrâtr=i  :: brawd  :: germà

brâman·ah·  :: bramin, brahmin = un o'r haen uchaf neu offeriadol yn y gymdeithas Hindwaidd :: brahmin (o'r Saesneg, 1300+ o'r Sansgrit brâhmana < brahman = gweddi, moliant)

catur  :: pedwar  :: quatre

chidram·  :: twll  :: forat

çrî  :: gogoniant  :: glòria

  :: rhoi  :: donar

des'ah·  :: gwlad (cf Bangla Desh)  :: país (cf Bangla Desh)

devî  :: duwies (cf dwÿ - Dyfrdwÿ, Dwÿfor, Dwÿfach)  :: deëssa

duhitr=i  :: merch (= plentÿn mam neu dad)  :: filla

dvâr  :: drws  :: porta

dviç  :: gelÿn  :: enemic

gajah·  :: éliffant  :: elefant

gr=iham·  :: tÿ  :: casa

han  :: lladd  :: matar

hayah·  :: ceffÿl  :: cavall

Indrah·  :: Indra (pennaeth y duwiau Fedaidd - duw glaw a tharanau)  :: Indra (cap dels déus vèdics - el déu de la pluja i dels trons)

indu  :: lleuad  :: lluna

jalam·  :: dwr  :: aigua

janah·  :: pobl  :: gent

kâma  :: cariad, serch; (cf duwies Hindwaidd cariad = Kâma)  :: amor, luxúria (cf Kâma = nom de la deësa hindú de l'amor)

karma  :: gwaith, gweithred, ffawd, tynged (KAR- = gwneud, MA = canlyniad)  :: feina, acta, destí (KAR- = fer, MA- = resulta, consequència)

karn·ah·  :: clust  :: orella

kr=i  :: gwneud fer (cf sam·skr=ita)  :: fer (cf sam·skr=ita)

kr=is·n·a  :: du; enw'r duw Krishna  :: negre; nom del deu Krishna

madah·  :: meddwdod  :: intoxicació

madhura  :: melÿs  :: dolç

mahî  :: daear  :: terra

manas  :: meddwl, deallusrwÿdd  :: ment, intel·ligència

man·i  :: gem  :: gema

mârgah·  :: heol, llwÿbr  :: carretera, camí

nadî  :: afon  :: riu

nârî  :: gwraig, benÿw  :: dona

netram·  :: llygad  :: ull

nipun·a  :: deallus, clyfer  :: llest , intel·ligent

nirvâna  :: diffoddiad < (enw) chwÿthu allan (nir- = allan, vâti = cwythiff)  :: extincció, literalment (substantiu) bufar fora, (nir- = fora, vâti = bufa)

nirvr=ita  :: hapus  :: content, feliç, alegre

pâdah·  :: troed (cf Lladin pes, ped-)  :: peu

pân·i  :: llaw  ::

pâpa  :: drwg, mileinig  :: mal

pipîlikâ  :: morgrugÿn  :: formiga

pitr=i  :: tad  :: pare

prana  :: anadl  :: respiració

puccha  :: cynffon, cwt  :: cua (relacionada amb anglès foks (FOX) [foks] = guineu, alemany Fuchs [fuks] = guineu)

puram·  :: dinas  :: ciutat

râjan  :: brenin  :: rei

rathyâ  :: heol  :: carrer

rûpya  :: arian gwaith (gwreiddÿn enw'r darn arian - rwpî)  :: argent treballat; (d'on el nom de la moneda 'rupia')

sam·skr=ita  :: Sanscrit (= wedi ei wneud yn dda, wedi ei berffeithio - yn llythrennol, wedi ei roi at ei gilÿdd)  :: sànscrit = ben fet, perfeccionat; literalment ajuntat

siddhi  :: llwÿddiant, boddhâd  :: èxit, acompliment

sûryah·  :: haul  :: sol

sutra  :: rhestr o reolau; casgliad o dywediadau Sanscritaidd llista de regles;  :: (col·lecció de dites sànscrites)

sva ei hun =  :: yn perthÿn iddo ef ei hun  :: propi

s'vah·  :: yforÿ  :: demà

svap  :: cysgu  :: dormir

svarâjya (swaraj)  :: hunanlywodraeth; enw plaid wleidyddol a safai yn erbÿn gormes y Sais yn yr India (sva = hunan (cf Lladin suus, Saesneg suicide) + râj- = brenin + ya = olddodiad i ffurfio enw haniaethol) (swaraj) :: autonomia; nom d'un partit polític que oposava la dominació anglesa de l'Índia (sva = si cf llatí suus, català suicidi) + râj- = rei + ya = terminació de substantiu abstracte)

svastika  :: swástica, arwÿdd lwc dda (su- = da (Groeg eu-, Gwÿddeleg so-, Cymráeg hy-), as- = bod, ti- = olddodiad enw haniaethol, -ka = olddodiad ansoddeiriol)  :: esvàstica, signe de la bona sort (su- = bo, bé (grec eu-, irlandès so-, gal·lès hy-), as- = ser, ti- = sufix de nom abstracte, -ka = sufix adjectival)

tamas  :: tywÿll (cf Tafwÿs < Brythoneg Tamês- < Celteg; cf Cataloneg Tamesi < Lladin < Brythoneg)  :: fosc (cf Tamesi, gal·lès Tafwÿs < britó Tamês- < celta; cf català Tamesi < llatí < britó)

taru  :: coeden, pren (cf Cymráeg derw(en), Saesneg tree)  :: arbre

tri  :: tri  :: tres

udyânam·  :: gardd  :: jardí

vaidyah·  :: meddÿg  :: doctor

vâyu  :: gwÿnt  :: vent

vinâ  :: heb  :: sense

vîrah·  :: arwr  :: heroi

vivâhah·  :: priodas  :: casament

vyagrah·  :: teigr  :: tigre

····· Greek Gods - The Sanskrit Connection

The myths of Greece and Rome have inspired the people and literature of the West from time immemorial. Though the Gods are originally Greek, their latin (Roman) names have been used more frequently in art and poetry. For example:

Roman name Greek name
Jupiter          Zeus
Juno       Hera
Minerva          Athena
Diana      Artemis
    

Also it is now widely accepted that the classical languages Latin, Greek and Sanskrit have a common source in a much older language, which is extinct today. To illustrate this point it is customary to demonstrate the similarity of the most common words. For example, the word "father" is:

Sanskrit, pitri       Latin, pater
Gothic, vader          Greek, pätair

Thousands of such words are there.

Mythologies of ancient India and Greece have some similarities here and there. Some of the vedic gods have counterparts in Greek mythology. Thus Uranus in Greek mythology is Varuna in the vedic literature. Mars is Marut in Indian mythology. But what is not generally known is the astonishing fact that the names of Greek gods and heroes have in a great measure been found to correspond with Sanskrit names of physical things! It is important to emphasize the fact that some of these names are not related to gods or heroes in Indian mythology itself, but merely names of just physical things, though Dyaus is the Vedic creator and sky god and father of Surya the sun god and Agni the god of fire.

A simple list follows:

Greek God/Hero   Sanskrit word         meaning
---------------------------------------------------
Zeus       dyu, Dyaus            shine, sky, day; sky god
Hera       soar             bright sky 
Uranus           var                   conceal, cover
Daphne           Dahana                dawn
Ixion      Akshanah              one bound to a wheel  
Paris      Panis                 night demons
Athene           ahana                 the light of daybreak
Prometheus       Pramanthas       Stick used to kindle Fire(Agni) (More)     

These are some obvious connections. An expert in the field will be able to find many more.

Why this is not known?

Though many linguists have accepted the common origin of Indo-European Languages (Sanskrit, Greek, Latin) when it comes to Indo-European race we find less agreements (rightly so). Also Indo-Greek connection has been a less explored area than the general Indo-European language link. One reason the Greek-Sansrit connection was under-explored is because of the political prominence of the Roman Empire in the later European and Christian history. Even the Greek Gods were better known by their Roman names.

Once the Romans took political control, Greek Mythology never got the status which Vedic Mythology got in India. "The role of the Mysteries is hard to define since much of their ritual was secret, and at a later date information about them was suppressed by Roman and Christian alike, but we do know that the Mysteries proliferated and dominated Hellas spiritually for more than a millennium , and were the most effective mass religious cult in the Greco-Roman world." [Ref http://community.middlebury.edu/~harris/GreekMyth/Chap10Religion.html]

The Greek Link to India, though accepted, has been sidelined by the later Western Researchers. Internet is giving valuable information in this regard. "Perhaps it was not there in the first place, perhaps a basic folk-memory encompassing historical data ranging back some thousands of years was recast in Greece in the mould of myths which had emanated from India along with a handful of the Indo-European sky god personalities. There may even have been other influences from India early in the first millennium BC. ,which we are not aware of, just as there were later influences from India bearing on the philosopher, and the appearance, in the generation of Socrates if not before, of "Aesopicß tales", which are obviously recast from the materials of the Sanskrit Hitopadeça and Pançatantra." [Ref http://community.middlebury.edu/~harris/Classics/EconomicsinGreece.html]

Some Proofs emerging

In this internet era, more information is out there for public eyes. It's impossible to hide anything now. So recently I came across (2002 Jan) some information underlying what I wrote almost five years ago. But the following was in fact written 125 years ago, though not known to many people!

Alexander Murray, Manual of Mythology (London, 1874), 326-40. 

For example, many names unintelligible in Greek are at once explained by the meaning of their Sanscrit equivalents. Thus, the name of the chief Greek god, Zeus, conveys no meaning in itself. But the Greek sky-god Zeus evidently corresponds to the Hindoo sky-god Dyaus, and this word is derived from a root dyu meaning "to shine." Zeus then, the Greek theos, and the Latin deus, meant originally "the glistening ether." Similarly other Greek names are explained by their counterparts, or cognate words in Sanscrit. Thus the name of Zeus's wife, Hera, belongs to a Sanscrit root svar, and originally meant the bright sky: the goddess herself being primarily the bright air. Athene is referred to Sanscrit names meaning the light of dawn, and Erinys is explained by the Sanscrit Saranyn.

. . . . .

DYAUS was, as we have already indicated, the god of the bright sky, his name being connected with that of Zeus through the root dyu. As such Dyaus was the Hindoo rain-god, i.e., primarily, the sky from which the rain fell. That the god-name and the sky-name were thus interchangeable is evident from such classical expressions as that "Zeus rains" (i.e., the sky rains), and meaning a damp atmosphere. In such expressions there is hardly any mythological suggestion: and the meaning of the name Dyaus, — like those of the names Ouranos and Kronos in Greek, — always remained too transparent for it to become the nucleus of a myth. Dyaus, however, was occasionally spoken of as an overruling spirit. The epithet, Dyaus pitar, is simply Zeus pater — Zeus the father; or, as it is spelled in Latin, Jupiter. Another of his names, Janita, is the Sanscrit for genetor, a title of Zeus as the father or producer. Dyaus finally gave place to his son Indra.

...

Even the question whether Sanskrit is the mother of all languages (Indo-Euroepan) has been speculated, but negatived by the same author.

In the Sanscrit language the myths common to the Aryan nations are presented in, perhaps, their simplest form. Hence the special value of Hindoo myths in a study of Comparative Mythology. But it would be an error to suppose that the myths of the Greeks, Latins, Slavonians, Norsemen, old Germans, and Celts were derived from those of the Hindoos. For the myths, like the languages, of all these various races, of the Hindoos included, are derived from one common source. Greek, Latin, Sanscrit, etc., are but modifications of a primitive Aryan language that was spoken by the early "Aryans" before they branched away from their original home in Central Asia, to form new nationalities in India, Greece, Northern Europe, Central Europe, etc.


The Sanscrit language is thus not the mother, but the elder sister of Greek and the kindred tongues: and Sanscrit or Hindoo mythology is, in like manner, only the elder sister of the other Aryan mythologies. It is by reason of the discovery of this common origin of these languages that scholars have been enabled to treat mythology scientifically.

More you can find at
members.netnormal.com/library/ved_rel.htm

 

Another article on the net also underlines the fact that Greeks didn't know the meaning or origin of the word 'Zeus' though the deity was called Zeus!

If we trace back this remarkable word to its primitive source in that once lost but now partially recovered mother-tongue from which all our Aryan languages are descended, we find a root div or dyu, meaning "to shine." From the first-mentioned form comes deva, with its numerous progeny of good and evil appellatives; from the latter is derived the name of Dyaus, with its brethren, Zeus and Jupiter. In Sanskrit dyu, as a noun, means "sky" and "day"; and there are many passages in the Rig-Veda where the character of the god Dyaus, as the personification of the sky or the brightness of the ethereal heavens, is unmistakably apparent. This key unlocks for us one of the secrets of Greek mythology. So long as there was for Zeus no better etymology than that which assigned it to the root zen, "to live," [99] there was little hope of understanding the nature of Zeus. But when we learn that Zeus is identical with Dyaus, the bright sky, we are enabled to understand Horace's expression, "sub Jove frigido," and the prayer of the Athenians, "Rain, rain, dear Zeus, on the land of the Athenians, and on the fields." [100] Such expressions as these were retained by the Greeks, and Romans long after they had forgotten that their supreme deity was once the sky. [Ref www.stormpages.com/witchery/mythology/devil.htm]

 

On Prometheus...

It was noticed long ago on linguistic grounds that the name Prometheus cannot come from Gr. 'pro + meth (manthano)' "knowing aforehand" (as Classical scholar had long believed) but it must be connected with the Sanskrit proper name Pramanthas, which belongs to a Vedic family of fire-worshipping priests of Agni, god of fire (cf. Lat. 'ignis'). The fake brother Epi-metheus ("hindsight", as against "foresight" ) is a later transparent addition to the myth. Vedic and Greek thought have a way of coinciding on unexpected levels, we must become a great deal more aware of the role of Indic thought in our interpretation of Greek ideas. It is not only in the early period that this is important, since Heracleitos, Pythagoras and even Plato leave questions which the Indic evidence may help to understand.

[Ref http://community.middlebury.edu/~harris/GreekMyth/Chap7MantheInventor.html]

Apte Sanskrit Dictionary Search

last update, 2000/03/31

This is a Web Sanskrit Dictionary based on ``The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary'' of Vaman Shivaram Apte.

And it contains only the first word (or phrase in some case) of each numbered meaning.

Input transliteration scheme is shown in the table below.

A Verb should be searched by its root form. A noun should be searched by its stem form, i.e. `deva', `lakSmii', `aatman' etc. but feminin stem `aa' derived from `a' should be searched by dropping last `a' i.e. `kaniSThaa' appears in the item `kaniSTha', but `kathaa' appears under itself. If feminin form takes `ii' stem, it comes under different head word, i.e. `kaniina' and `kaniinii' are two items. Compound words (-Comp.) are not taken.

Vowels

nag_a.pnga

nag_aa.pngaa

nag_i.pngi

nag_ii.pngii

nag_u.pngu

nag_uu.pnguu

nag_ri.pngR

nag_rii.pngRR

nag_li.pngL

nag_lii.pngLL

nag_e.pnge

nag_ai.pngai

nag_o.pngo

nag_au.pngau

nag_am.pngaM

nag_ah.pngaH

Consonants

nag_k.pngk

nag_kh.pngkh

nag_g.pngg

nag_gh.pnggh

nag_ng.pngG

nag_c.pngc

nag_ch.pngch

nag_j.pngj

nag_jh.pngjh

nag_ny.pngJ

nag_tt.pngT

nag_tth.pngTh

nag_dd.pngD

nag_ddh.pngDh

nag_nn.pngN

nag_t.pngt

nag_th.pngth

nag_d.pngd

nag_dh.pngdh

nag_n.pngn

nag_p.pngp

nag_ph.pngph

nag_b.pngb

nag_bh.pngbh

nag_m.pngm

nag_y.pngy

nag_r.pngr

nag_l.pngl

nag_v.pngv

 

nag_z.pngz

nag_sh.pngS

nag_s.pngs

nag_h.pngh

 

Ukindia

Sanskrit Lesson 1

Lesson 2 ..Home....Asian Books..Sanskrit lessons ( external)

..Tamil.Gujarati. Punjabi. Hindi.Urdu.Sanskrit
Arabic.Greek.English. Russian. Hebrew..Mathematics


Sanskrit is one of the world's most ancient languages and is derived from the same proto mother language as Latin and Greek so many of the words are common. It is written in the Hindi ( Devanagri script ) . If you dont know the script at the end of this lesson do the Hindi lessons first

Many ancient Indian texts on Science and Mathematics were written in Sanskrit. In these lessons we will look at some common phrases. Please write to ukindia@innotts.co.uk if you spot any mistakes or any comments you have about these lessons.

To revise the Sanskrit/Hindi script click here.


These are a few words in Sanskrit , we will in future often omit the half accent mark in the first word name and the full (two dots) one in the second word balAE .

and here are some phrases using these words.

The above phrases read :
Bal patthti . Bala patthti.
S Chalti . Sa khelti . Ram Sham ch vadte . To vadte . Meera Meena ch namte. Te namte . Amba pachti . Shakha pat'ti . Gaj Aj kutr chalte ? To atr chalt . Ashv , Sinh ch n chalt to davt . To atr aev khadt . Ram Sham Tom ch hasnti .

Here is the script .Make sure you know it by heart . If you take this gif picture and convert it to a bitmap , you can then edit and cut and paste to make your own words in Hindi/Sanskrit.

Please read the very helpful comments by Paul Newman below

It's really a great pleasure to see someone helping to propagate the message of the greatness of Sanskrit as this has long been a source of great inspiration and joy to me.

Sanskrit is, though, a language which needs great attention to detail, hance my initial enquiry. You ask for comments, here are some which may be of help. I'm afraid this PC setup does not allow me to respond using ttf-extension files (as presently configured) so I shall have to make do with transliteration. Hope you don't mind.

I think consistency is of the greatest importance. For example do you understand the place of sandhi in Sanskrit? I say this because you are inconsistent very often.

I take a few examples from Lesson 1. You quote 'baalah' correctly, showing the visarga (h in my transliteration) which indicates pullinga (masculine) and this is how I would display it. Later on thought, you drop this and just display the pratipaadika (bare stem). Some authors do this, but I don't like it, better to be consistent -- one form or the other. Also you do not indicate linga (gender) of nouns, which must be confusing to students. Later on you have some simple sentences. 'Baalaa likhati' is perfectly correct, but preceeding it you have 'baalah pathati' which is incorrect the correct form is 'baalah pathati' if you split the sandhis (easier for beginners, I say) and its the same if sandhi is applied. Later on you have 'raama shaama ca vadatah' (and notice in Sanskrit it should really be raama not raam), this sentence is wrong. If no sandhis are applied it should be 'raamah shaamah ca vadatah'. If sandhi is applied then you have two alternatives: either 'raama shaamashca vadatah' or 'raamashshaamashca vadatah' either is OK. Here you see your lack of consistency leads to incorrect results.

I hope I have made my point, I could go on as there are many such inconsistencies on the first page alone, but really there is so much material to work on it would require a complete revamp of the page to be totally correct ant to display everything appropriately, and time just dosen't allow this level of commitment from me.

I hope this isn't too negative. You put such a lot of work into this, I can see, and really something very productive ought to come out of it. If you have simple straightforward questions, I may be able to help. I myself learned at the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan in London. They have very good teachers there. Dr Nandakumara, the executive director, and Dr Shastry, the Academic director, are very able Sanskritists. If you care to approach them I am sure they will be delighted to help.

I wish you every success with your work

Paul Newman
ycrnn21@ucl.ac.uk

Thank you very much indeed for your comments . At the moment because of time commitments I am going to leave the lessons as they are but may come back to them later. If there are any readers out there who want to volunteer to do the changes please get in touch.

ALPHABET

 

http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/appendixes/sanskrit7term.html

Before beginning, I tell you that you should have installed the Sanskrit 98 font because if not so, you will not see the Sanskrit characters in the chart below but rather a series of substitution letters. To install it quickly, click here and follow the procedure.

The main alphabet used by Sanskrit is the Devanaagarii, which can be divided into several parts according to diverse approaches. So, let us see the alphabet and learn how to pronounce the letters in the following section. One more thing, the "lrii" is not considered here, because it is a theoretical and rarely used vowel. With ' theoretical' I mean that it was invented to maintain the pairs short/long: a/aa, i/ii, etc, so that the "lri" is not without its long counterpart.

Vowels

A

Aa

#

$

%

^

\

§

¤

@

@e

Aae

AaE

A<

A>

a

aa

i

ii

u

uu

ri

rii

lri

e

ai

o

au

am

ah

Consonants

First Group

Subgroups

Hard

Soft

Unaspirate

Aspirate

Unaspirate

Aspirate

Nasals

Gutturals

k

o

g

"

'

ka

kha

ga

gha

na

Palatals

c

D

j

H

|

ca

cha

ja

jha

ña

Cerebrals (Cacuminals)

q

Q

f

F

[

ta

tha

da

dha

na

Dentals

t

w

d

x

n

ta

tha

da

dha

na

Labials

p

)

b

-

m

pa

pha

ba

bha

ma

Second Group

Semivowels

y

r

l

v

ya

ra

la

va

Third Group

Sibilants

z

;

s

sha

sa

sa

Fourth Group

Sonant Aspirate

h

ha

One of the remarkable things about Sanskrit is that the consonants are syllabic, that is to say, they carry the vowel 'a'. Without the 'a' they could not be pronounced, because the 'a' is the supreme letter. Most of the vowels (except the Anusvaara 'm' and the Visargá 'h') can be pronounced by themselves, without the necessity of consonants or other vowels, but the consonants cannot be pronounced without vowels. This clearly speaks of an entire philosophical model hidden in these simple characters. The vowels and their sounds have predominantly to do with what is superior and independent, while the consonants (mainly those of the first and second groups) have predominantly to do with lower stages of the Creation. The topic is far more extensive, no doubt. This has only been a mere "hint" of a peculiar characteristic of the Sanskrit: it is a language extremely elaborated in total agreement with a science that hides itself behind it. This is the wonderful thing regarding this language. Lastly, the vowel 'm' (denominated Anusvaara), just as its name points out, always comes after a vowel that gives it support (in the formal alphabet it is used, of course, the ' a' to give it support). The vowel 'h' (denominated Visargá) also needs the vowel support, being represented in the alphabet united with the 'a'.
One more thing, apart from these characters that compose the formal Alphabet, there is a series of signs 'hybrid', which are the combination of two or more formal characters. For example:
Ä (tta) * (dya) ¼ (nga), etc. Go to Conjuncts for more information.

top

http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sacredmantras/pages2/eightvowels.html#avowel

Glossary of Terms


A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #

Select the first letter of the word from the list above to jump to appropriate section of the glossary. If the term you are looking for starts with a digit or symbol, choose the '#' link.


- A -

 

Advaita Vedanta--non-dualistic form of Vedantic philosophy

Agamas Shaivite--scriptures

Agni Vedic--sacred fire

Ananda--bliss

Anna--food

Aranyaka Vedic--forest texts

Artha--pursuit of wealth

Aryan--people of spiritual values

Asanas--yogic postures

Ashram--state or stage of life

Atharva Veda--fourth Veda

Atman--the Divine Self

Avatar--incarnation of God

Ayurveda--Vedic Medicine

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- B -

 

Bhagavad Gita--scripture of the avatar Krishna

Bhakti Yoga--Yoga of Devotion

Bhuktis--planetary time periods, minor

Brahmacharya--control of sexual energy; state of life of learning and purity

Brahma--form of the Hindu trinity governing creation

Brahman--the Absolute or ultimate reality

Brahmanas--Vedic ritualistic texts

Brahmins--people of spiritual values

Brihaspati--Vedic God of the ritual, the planet Jupiter

Buddha--ninth avatar of Vishnu

Buddhism--non-orthodox form of Vedic\Aryan teaching founded by the Buddha or enlightened one

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- C -

 

Chakras--nerve centers of the subtle body

Charvakas--materialistic philosophers of ancient India

Cit--consciousness

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- D -

 

Dashas--planetary time periods, major

Dharana--yogic concentration or attention

Dharma--teaching or religion; honor or status

Dhatus--bodily tissues in Ayurvedic Medicine

Dhyana--meditation

Doshas--biological humors of Ayurvedic medicine

Durga--the Goddess as the destroyer of demons

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- E -

(empty)

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- F -

(empty)

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- G -

 

Ganesh--elephant faced God who destroys all obstacles

Gayatri--Vedic chant for awakening the soul

Grihastha--householder stage of life

Gunas--prime qualities of nature

Guru--spiritual teacher

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- H -

 

Hanuman--the monkey God

Hatha Yoga--Yoga of the physical body

Hinduism--modern name for the Vedic teaching

Homa--Vedic worship, Fire offerings

Hum--great mantra of Agni and Shiva

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- I -

 

Indra--Vedic God of being or life

Ishwara--the cosmic Creator

Itihasas--Hindu epics

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- J -

 

Jainism--non-orthodox form of Vedic/Aryan teaching emphasizing non-violence

Jnana Yoga--Yoga of Knowledge

Jyotish--Vedic Astrology

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- K -

 

Kailas--the world mountain

Kali--the dark form of the Goddess

Kali Yuga--dark or iron age

Kalki--tenth avatar of Vishnu

Kama--pursuit of desire

Kapha--biological water humor

Kapila--great Hindu sage, founder of the Sankhya system of philosophy

Karakas--planetary significators

Karma--Law of Cause and Effect

Karma Yoga--Yoga of Work or Service

Kashmiri Shaivism--Shaivite philosophy of medieval Kashmir

Ketu--south node of the Moon, dragon's tail

Krishna--eighth avatar of Vishnu

Kriya Yoga--yoga of technique

Kshatriya--people of political values

Kundalini--serpent power, power of subtle body

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- L -

 

Lakshmi--Goddess of prosperity and beauty; consort of Vishnu

Lalita--Goddess of bliss

Laya Yoga--Yoga of absorption into the sound-current (nada)

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- M -

 

Mahabharata--epic story of Krishna

Mahavakyas--great sayings of Vedantic knowledge

Mahayana--great vehicle, northern school of Buddhism

Manas--mind or emotion

Mantra--spiritual or empowered speech

Manu--Vedic original man, founder of human culture

Marmas--sensitive bodily points used in Ayurvedic treatment

Maya--illusion

Mayavada--doctrine that the world is unreal

Meru--the world mountain

Mimamsa--ritualistic form of Vedic philosophy

Moksha--pursuit of liberation

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- N -

 

Nada--the sound current of the subtle body

Nadis--nerves of the subtle body

Nataraj--Shiva as lord of the cosmic dance

Nirvana--liberation, the state of peace

Niyamas--yogic observances

Nyaya and Vaisheshika--Hindu philosophies; two of the six systems

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- O -

Om--The mantra of the Divine

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- P -

 

Pancha Karma--five Ayurvedic purification methods

Parashurama--sixth avatar of Vishnu

Parvati--the consort of Shiva

Patanjali--main teacher of classical Yoga system

Pitta--biological fire humor

Prakriti--great Nature, matter

Prana--breath or life-force

Prana Yoga--Yoga of the life-force

Pranayama--yogic control of the breath

Pratyahara--yogic control of mind and senses

Puja--Hindu worship, flower offerings

Puranas--Hindu mythological texts

Purusha--pure consciousness, spirit

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- Q -

(empty)

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- R -

 

Radha--consort of Krishna

Rahu--north node of the Moon; dragon's head

Rajas--quality of energy or agitation

Raja Yoga--integral or royal yoga path of Patanjali

Rama--seventh avatar of Vishnu

Ramayana--epic story of Rama

Rasayana--Ayurvedic rejuvenation methods

Rig Veda--oldest Hindu scripture; Veda of chant

Rishis--ancient Vedic seers

Rudra--terrible or wrathful form of Shiva

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- S -

 

Sama Veda--Veda of song

Samadhi--absorption, bliss

Sankhya--Vedic philosophy of cosmic principles

Sanskrit--Vedic and mantric language

Sannyasa--stage of life of renunciation and liberation

Santana Dharma--the eternal teaching; traditional name for the Hindu religion

Saraswati--Goddess of speech, learning, knowledge and wisdom

Sat--being

Sattva--quality of truth or light

Sautrantika--Buddhist philosophy of the momentariness of all things

Savitar--Vedic Sun god as the guide of Yoga

Shakti--the power of consciousness and spiritual evolution

Shankara--the great philsopher of non-dualistic Vedanta

Shiva--form of the Hindu trinity governing destruction and transcendence

Shudras--people of sensate values

Shunyavada--Buddhist philosophy that everything is void

 

Sita--consort of Rama

Skanda--the war God

So'ham--natural mantric sound of the breath

Soma--Vedic God of bliss

Srotas--channel systems used in Ayurvedic medicine

Surya--Vedic Sun God or god of the enlightened mind

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- T -

 

Tamas--quality of darkness and inertia

Tantra--medieval yogic and ritualistic Indian texts

Tara--the Goddess in her role as savior

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- U -

Upanishads--Vedic philosophical texts

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- V -

 

Vaishyas--people of commercial values

Vak--Divine Word, the Goddess

Vanaprastha--hermitage stage of life

Varna--Social Value or Class

Vata--biological air humor

Vedas--ancient scriptures of India

Vedanta--Vedic philosophy of Self-knowledge

Vedic Science--integral spiritual science of the Vedas

Vijnana--intelligence

Vijnanavada--Buddhist philosophy that consciousness alone exists

Vishnu--form of the Hindu trinity governing preservation

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- W -

(empty)

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- X -

(empty)

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- Y -

 

Yajna--sacrifice, sacred ritual

Yajur Veda--Veda of ritual or sacrifice

Yamas--yogic attitudes

Yantra--geometrical meditation designs

Yoga--techniques of developing and integrating energy

Yoga Sutras--classical text of Patanjali on Yoga

Yogi--practitioner of yoga

Yugas--world-ages

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Der Sanskrit Deklinationstrainer

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Optionen
English

 a - m., deva - Gott

 a - n., phala - Frucht

 A - f., jAjA - Gattin, Frau

 i - m., agni - Feuer, Feuergott

 i, mehrsilbig - n., vari - Wasser

 I - f., nadI - Fluß

  keinen Dual abfragen

 u - m., bhanu - Sonne

 u - n., madhu - Honig

 u - f., denu - Kuh

  keinen Plural abfragen

 R - m., kartR - der Handelnde

 i - f., mati - Meinung

 I - f., dhI - Verstand

  Hinweis bei Runde > 100

 R - n., kartR - das Handelnde

 U - f., vadhU - Weib

 U - f., bhU - Erde





 o - m., f., go - Stier, Kuh

 au - f., nau - Schiff, Boot

 t - m., marut - Wind

 c - f., vAc - Wort

 j - f., sraj - Kranz

 z - f., diz - Gegend

 S - m., dviS - Feind

 Pron. - aham - ich

 Pron. - tvam - du

 Pron. - m., tad - er

 Pron. - f., tad - sie

 

Runde:

Form:   

Kasus bestimmen

Numerus bestimmen

 Nominativ - kartR kAraka

 Dativ - sampradAna kAraka

 Singular - ekavacanam

 Vocativ

 Ablativ - apAdAna kAraka

 Dual - dvivacanam

 Accusativ - karman kAraka

 Genitiv

 Plural - bahuvacanam

 Instrumental - karaNa kAraka

 Locativ - adhikaraNa kAraka

 

Status:  

Punkte:  +  - 

Die verwendete Transliteration ist die der Harvard-Kyoto-Konvention:

Hat man die erlernt, so kann man den Digitalen Monier-Williams nutzen.

    a A  i I  u U  R RR lR lRR   k kh g gh G   y r l v
    e ai o au M H                c ch j jh J   z S s h
                                 T Th D Dh N
                                 t th d dh n
                                 p ph b bh m

Ein Paradigma

 

Nom.

devaH

devau

devAH (as)

Voc.

deva

devau

devAH (as)

Acc.

devam

devau

devAn

Inst.

devena

devAbhyAm

devaiH (s)

Dat.

devAya

devAbhyAm

devebhyaH (s)

Abl.

devAt

devAbhyAm

devebhyaH (s)

Gen.

devasya

devayoH (s)

devAnAm

Lok.

deve (a+i)

devayoH (s)

deveSu (su)

Feedback an den Autor -- Feedback an den Kolorateur & Ergänzer.

 

 

The Sanskrit Alphabet

Roll over each letter with your mouse to get the transliteration

 

 

Vowels

a

A

i

I

u

U

R

RR

lR

lRR

·

·

e

ai

o

au

·

·

Consonants

k

kh

g

gh

G

c

ch

j

jh

J

T

Th

D

Dh

N

t

th

d

dh

n

p

ph

b

bh

m

Harvard-Kyōto

a A i I
u U R RR
lR lRR e ai
o au M H
k kh g gh G
c ch j jh J
T Th D Dh N
t th d dh n
p ph b bh m
y r l v
z S s
h

Semi-vowels

y

r

l

v

Sibilants

z

S

s

Aspirate

h